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How does a would-be fighter pilot become an aerospace engineer and then a researcher at a top government lab focused on ensuring the competitiveness of U.S. industry?

Embry‑Riddle Aeronautical University is a big part of the how. A love of mathematics is a big part of the why. Zach Grey arrived at Embry‑Riddle with a private pilot’s license and dreams of joining the U.S. Air Force. As an ROTC cadet pursuing a degree in aerospace engineering, his interests soon pulled in a different direction.

"I became more passionate about the mathematics, engineering and physics I was learning than about the ROTC program," Zach said. Despite the challenging coursework, Embry‑Riddle’s supportive professors made a significant impact, fostering personal relationships and holding students accountable.

The Virtue of Patience

Fifteen years into his professional life, Zach still remembers how his undergraduate professors, including Tom Gally and Ron Madler, fostered his talents and confidence while holding him accountable. One of his main takeaways from the Prescott Campus was learning the importance of patience as a scientist and engineer.

"You're never going to understand something, especially some of these technical concepts, right out of the gate. You have to be patient with yourself and the people teaching you. That's the nature of learning," he said.

After earning a Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering in 2010, Zach continued his education at Purdue University and Colorado School of Mines, and ultimately earned a doctorate from the University of Colorado Boulder. His first job at Rolls-Royce focused on refining jet engine design, but his desire to apply mathematics prompted a career change.

Finding His Niche at NIST

Five years ago, Zach found the perfect fit, where he could merge theoretical research with practical applications. As a mathematician at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), he works to advance measurement science and technology to promote economic growth and global competitiveness.

Zach has made significant contributions to optimizing designs and improving manufacturing processes, especially in wind turbine optimization. His work leverages advanced mathematical models, artificial intelligence and geometry to enhance turbine design and efficiency, aiming to maximize energy output while minimizing environmental impacts.

Additive Manufacturing Is Changing the Game

Zach is particularly excited about the potential of additive manufacturing technologies, which create objects by layering materials based on digital models. He is working to develop more affordable, efficient and sustainable wind turbine components using this method. By producing parts onsite with layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, transportation and production costs are reduced. This approach also allows for the creation of complex shapes, delivering enhanced adaptability and speed in renewable energy production.

His collaboration with researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is also refining airfoil shapes through geometry-based inverse problems. This method, which starts with desired aerodynamic outcomes and works backward to achieve them, utilizes artificial intelligence and applied geometry.

Science is Social

Zach enjoys the collaborative nature of research.

"Research is inherently social. I prefer to work with the best people rather than just the best researchers. Successful collaboration is essential because science is a human endeavor involving people at every step. We have to work well together to achieve anything," he said.

Zach’s journey from aspiring Air Force cadet to leading researcher at NIST exemplifies how a love for a discipline can guide a career path. His work not only advances wind turbine technology but also contributes to a future where global energy needs are met in a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective way.

Five Tips for Aspiring Scientists From Zach Grey

Mathematician Zach Grey at NIST offers these five guiding principles for students navigating the challenging but rewarding paths of science and engineering:

1. Do the Work: Commit to every learning opportunity, as the importance of knowledge often becomes apparent later in your career.

2. Be Patient and Actively Listen: Understanding complex scientific concepts requires patience and active engagement.

3. Pay Attention to Detail: In fields like applied mathematics, a meticulous approach can lead to significant breakthroughs.

4. Step Away and Take a Breath: Maintaining mental health and perspective is crucial for sustained success in demanding fields.

5. Believe You Belong: It's essential to combat imposter syndrome and recognize your achievements and rightful place in your field.